By Dr. Babajide Gboyega Alalade, AISLT, NISLT/FMST&T

As the United Nations marks February 11th as the International Day of Women and Girls in Science, it is imperative to reflect on the state of women and girls in science across Nigeria and the African continent. While progress has been made, significant challenges remain in achieving gender parity in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. This article explores the current situation, the challenges faced, the roles of policymakers and science laboratory technology professionals, and the way forward to empower women and girls in science.

The Current Situation of Women and Girls in Science in Africa

Africa is a continent brimming with potential, yet women and girls remain underrepresented in STEM fields. According to UNESCO, only 30% of researchers in sub-Saharan Africa are women, and this figure is even lower in Nigeria. Despite the growing number of girls enrolling in primary and secondary education, their participation in STEM subjects declines significantly at the tertiary level and in professional careers. Cultural norms, societal expectations, and systemic barriers often discourage girls from pursuing careers in science.

In Nigeria, for instance, women make up only about 22% of STEM professionals. This disparity is not just a Nigerian problem but a continental one, reflecting a broader trend of gender inequality in STEM across Africa. While there are notable exceptions—such as Dr. Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, a globally renowned economist, and Professor Francisca Okeke, a leading physicist—these success stories remain the exception rather than the norm.

Challenges Facing Women and Girls in Science

1. Cultural and Societal Barriers: In many African societies, traditional gender roles often dictate that women prioritize domestic responsibilities over professional aspirations. This cultural mindset discourages girls from pursuing careers in science, which are often perceived as male-dominated fields.

2. Lack of Role Models and Mentorship: The scarcity of visible female role models in STEM fields makes it difficult for young girls to envision themselves as future scientists. Mentorship programs are also limited, leaving many girls without guidance or encouragement.

3. Inadequate Educational Infrastructure: Many schools, especially in rural areas, lack well-equipped science laboratories and qualified teachers. This disproportionately affects girls, who often have fewer opportunities to access quality STEM education.

4.  Bias and Discrimination: Women in STEM often face discrimination and bias in academic and professional settings. This includes unequal access to research funding, fewer opportunities for career advancement, and a lack of representation in leadership roles.

5. Economic Constraints: Poverty and financial barriers prevent many girls from pursuing higher education in STEM fields. The cost of tuition, textbooks, and laboratory equipment can be prohibitive for families with limited resources.

The Role of Policymakers

Policymakers play a critical role in addressing these challenges and creating an enabling environment for women and girls in science. Key actions include:

1. Implementing Gender-Sensitive Policies: Governments should enact policies that promote gender equality in STEM education and employment. This includes providing scholarships for girls, ensuring equal access to educational resources, and enforcing anti-discrimination laws.

2. Investing in STEM Infrastructure: Policymakers must prioritize funding for science laboratories, technology hubs, and research institutions. This will create more opportunities for women and girls to engage in hands-on learning and research.

3. Promoting Awareness Campaigns: Governments should launch campaigns to challenge cultural stereotypes and highlight the achievements of women in science. This will help change societal perceptions and inspire more girls to pursue STEM careers.

4. Supporting Women in STEM Careers: Policies should be put in place to support women in STEM professions, such as providing maternity leave, flexible work arrangements, and equal pay.

The Role of Science Laboratory Technology Professionals

Science laboratory technology professionals are uniquely positioned to drive change and improve women’s participation in science. Their roles include:

1. Mentorship and Advocacy: Professionals in this field can mentor young girls and women, providing guidance and encouragement to pursue STEM careers. They can also advocate for gender equality within their institutions.

2. Curriculum Development: By contributing to the development of inclusive and gender-sensitive curricula, science laboratory technology professionals can ensure that STEM education is accessible and engaging for girls.

3. Community Outreach: Professionals can organize workshops, science fairs, and outreach programs to expose girls to the wonders of science and technology. These initiatives can help spark interest and build confidence in young girls.

4. Research and Innovation: By conducting research on gender disparities in STEM and developing innovative solutions, science laboratory technology professionals can contribute to the broader goal of achieving gender parity.

The Way Forward

To bridge the gender gap in science, a multi-faceted approach is required:

1. Early Exposure to STEM: Introduce girls to STEM subjects at an early age through interactive and engaging activities. This will help build their interest and confidence in science.

2. Strengthening Mentorship Programs: Establish mentorship networks that connect young girls with successful women in STEM. This will provide them with role models and guidance.

3. Public-Private Partnerships: Governments, NGOs, and private sector organizations should collaborate to fund STEM initiatives for women and girls. This includes scholarships, internships, and research grants.

4. Empowering Women in Leadership: Encourage and support women to take on leadership roles in STEM institutions. This will help create a more inclusive and equitable environment.

5. Leveraging Technology: Use digital platforms to provide online STEM courses, mentorship, and networking opportunities for women and girls, especially in underserved areas.

Conclusion

The International Day of Women and Girls in Science is a reminder of the urgent need to address gender disparities in STEM fields. While challenges persist, there is immense potential for change. By empowering women and girls in science, we can unlock innovation, drive economic growth, and create a more equitable society. Policymakers, science laboratory technology professionals, and all stakeholders must work together to break down barriers and build a brighter future for women and girls in science across Africa.

Let us seize this opportunity to inspire the next generation of female scientists, engineers, and innovators. Together, we can ensure that no girl is left behind in the pursuit of scientific excellence.

Dr. Babajide Gboyega Alalade, AISLT 

Nigerian Institute of Science Laboratory Technology (NISLT)

Federal Ministry of Science, Technology & Innovation (FMST&T)